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🗣 Wd提问: UDP2RAW

🤖 Ai回答: Of course、Here is a comprehensive overview of UDP2RAW, a powerful and versatile networking tool.

What is UDP2RAW?

At its core, UDP2RAW is a tool that tunnels any L3/IP network traffic through a fake UDP tunnel、It's designed to bypass firewalls, improve performance on unreliable networks, and add a layer of encryption to your connections.

Its most common and powerful use case is to make a TCP-over-UDP-over-TCP tunnel、This seemingly convoluted setup is incredibly effective at defeating aggressive firewalls, particularly the kind that throttle or block VPN and SSH traffic.

How Does It Work? (The Magic)

Imagine you're trying to send a TCP packet (e.g., from your OpenVPN client) through a network that is:
1、 Blocking all non-UDP traffic.
2、 Throttling or blocking known VPN ports.
3、 Using Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) to identify and block VPN protocols.

A normal VPN connection would fail、UDP2RAW solves this by:

1、 Encapsulation: It takes the raw IP packets (which could be TCP, ICMP, or even another UDP stream) from your application (like OpenVPN) and wraps them inside a custom UDP packet.
2、 Obfuscation: It then encrypts and adds a secure header to this UDP packet, making it look like random, meaningless UDP traffic to any middleman (firewall, ISP)、The content is completely hidden from DPI.
3、 Tunneling: This fake, encrypted UDP packet is sent to the UDP2RAW server on the other end.
4、 Decapsulation: The server decrypts the UDP packet, extracts the original raw IP packet (your OpenVPN TCP packet), and injects it into the network stack on its side as if it originated there.

From the perspective of the restrictive network, you are only sending and receiving innocent-looking UDP packets to a random port on a server、It has no idea that inside those packets is a full TCP VPN connection.

Key Features

* Firewall Bypass: Its primary purpose、It can bypass UDP-blocking firewalls by using ICMP, or bypass TCP-blocking firewalls by using UDP、It works against most forms of DPI.
* Anti-Replay: Protects against malicious packet injection.
* Encryption: Uses symmetric ciphers like AES to encrypt the tunnel traffic、The default cipher is AES-128-CBC.
* FEC (Forward Error Correction): This is a crucial feature for lossy networks (e.g., unreliable Wi-Fi, congested cellular networks)、It adds redundant data, allowing the receiver to reconstruct the original data even if some packets are lost, without needing retransmission、This drastically reduces latency and lag for real-time applications like gaming and video calls.
* Connection Stabilization: Helps maintain a connection over extremely unstable networks where packets are frequently lost or reordered.
* Manual Sequence Number Management: An advanced feature that allows the user to have full control over the sequence numbers, useful for certain types of complex routing or testing.

Common Use Cases

1、 Gaming on Restrictive Networks: Drastically reduce lag and packet loss on school, university, or corporate networks that throttle game traffic、The FEC feature is particularly valuable here.
2、 Bypassing Censorship: Access the open internet in regions where VPNs are blocked or heavily monitored、By masking VPN traffic as random UDP, it can circumvent government-level firewalls.
3、 Improving VPN Stability: Use it as a wrapper around an OpenVPN or WireGuard connection to make it more resilient to packet loss and jitter on poor network links.
4、 Securing Traffic on Untrusted Networks: Add a layer of encryption to any IP-based traffic, even if the application itself doesn't support it.

How to Use It: A Simple Example with OpenVPN

This is the most classic setup、The goal is to run your OpenVPN's TCP connection through UDP2RAW's encrypted UDP tunnel.

You need:
* A client machine (behind the firewall).
* A server (outside the firewall, e.g., a VPS in the cloud).
* The `udp2raw` binary downloaded on both machines from the [official GitHub page](https://github.com/wangyu-/udp2raw).

On the Server Side (VPS):
Your server has the public IP `123.123.123.123`、It will run the UDP2RAW server and forward the decrypted traffic to the OpenVPN server running on localhost port 1194.
bash
./udp2raw -s -l0.0.0.0:4096 -r 127.0.0.1:1194 -a -k your_password raw-mode faketcp

* `-s`: Server mode.
* `-l0.0.0.0:4096`: Listen on all interfaces on port 4096 for incoming UDP2RAW packets.
* `-r 127.0.0.1:1194`: Forward the decrypted traffic to localhost (127.0.0.1) port 1194 (where OpenVPN is listening).
* `-a`: Enable anti-replay protection.
* `-k your_password`: The shared password for encryption、Use a strong one!
* `raw-mode faketcp`: The mode、`faketcp` is the most effective at bypassing firewalls.

On the Client Side:
Your client will take the OpenVPN traffic, encrypt it, and send it to the server's port 4096.
bash
./udp2raw -c -l0.0.0.0:3333 -r123.123.123.123:4096 -k your_password raw-mode faketcp

* `-c`: Client mode.
* `-l0.0.0.0:3333`: Open a local UDP2RAW proxy on port 3333.
* `-r123.123.123.123:4096`: Connect to the server's public IP and UDP2RAW port.
* `-k your_password`: Must match the server's password.

Configure OpenVPN Client:
Finally, point your OpenVPN client to connect to `127.0.0.1:3333` (the local UDP2RAW proxy) instead of directly to the remote server、OpenVPN will send its TCP traffic to this local port, where UDP2RAW will pick it up, encrypt it, and send it out as fake UDP packets.

Pros and Cons

| Pros | Cons |
| |
| Extremely effective at bypassing firewalls and DPI、 | Adds overhead due to encryption and packet headers, slightly reducing maximum throughput、 |
| Dramatically improves stability on lossy networks thanks to FEC、| Setup is more complex than a standard VPN; requires configuration on both ends、 |
| Lightweight and very performant (written in C++)、 | Not a user-friendly GUI application; primarily command-line based、 |
| Free and open-source、 | Using it may violate the terms of service of your network (e.g., school, workplace)、 |

Alternatives

* udp2raw-tunnel: The original version by wangyu-.
* udp2raw-multiplatform: A popular fork that supports more platforms and is easier to compile.
* Phantun: A newer, even more lightweight tool with a similar goal (turning UDP into TCP and vice versa), but with a different approach and protocol.
* Outline VPN: A full VPN solution that uses similar obfuscation techniques in a more user-friendly package.

Conclusion

UDP2RAW is a specialist's tool、It's not for setting up a simple home VPN, but it is an incredibly powerful weapon for situations where network connectivity is restricted, unreliable, or censored、If you are a gamer suffering from Wi-Fi packet loss, a traveler dealing with a restrictive hotel network, or someone needing to bypass censorship, UDP2RAW is a solution that is absolutely worth the effort to learn and implement.

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提问时间: 2025-09-08 00:19:00

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